Bacterial Resistance Essay -- essays research papers

Bacterial ResistanceBacterial opposition is a problem that has profoundly impacted the medical community. Bacterial resistance results when bacteria become disgustful to individual antibiotics through the development of specific defense mechanisms which render the antibiotic ineffective. This problem has become evident in recent years as many cases have been reported in which antibiotics are not effective against the bacteria that they have fought off for years. The recent troubles with bacterial resistance have caused panic throughout the United States. The pharmaceutical industry hasnt been producing many antibiotics because they thought that the antibiotics they had created had solved many of the problems resulting from bacterial infections. An increasing amount of attention has been given to antibiotic resistance with each passing year and experts are optimistic for the future however, the threat of bacterial resistance exists today and is a major cause for concern.The discov ery of penicillin the forties proved to be the dawn of the antibiotic era. In less than two decades, major advancements had been made in the development of antibiotics. There were so many contrastive antibiotics developed that doctors and scientists focused their attention on other problems plaguing the nation. Doctors prescribed antibiotics frequently, often when they were not even needed. According to a 1998 report by the Institute of...

War With Iraq :: Argumentative

War With Iraq Is It Worth It? What does the United States have to gain from a war with Iraq? Supporters of a war with Iraq say it will help foil the risk of an attack by a weapons of mass destruction developed by Iraq. Critics of a military action that say nothing will be gained, and the U.S. just wants to obtain the oil that Iraq controls. They claim that casualties will be too costly for America to afford. Nonetheless, America should act while others will not for fear of disturbing global peace. Iraq poses a clear and present danger to the security of the United States and the security of countries around the world. For the past several months the United Nations Security Council has debated on whether or not to accept the U.S. proposal to drag Iraq to comply the new and former resolutions. The new resolution beefs for complete disarmament of Iraq and the re-entrance of weapons inspectors into Iraq. If Iraq fails to comply, then military force would be taken i n order to disarm Iraq. This proposal met opposition from council members Russia, China, and France. They thought that the U.S. proposal was too aggressive and that the U.S. should not act alone without U.N. approval. For weeks they refused to moot that the only way to make Iraq disarm is through the threat of force and the fear of being wiped out.Iraq for the past several years has violated numerous U.N. resolutions that call for destruction of Iraqs weapons of mass destruction and allowance of weapons inspectors to monitor the disposal of such weapons. Ever since the end of the Gulf War, Iraq has disregarded these policies by removing weapons inspectors, which in fleck has allowed Iraq to further research weapons of mass destruction. In 1998 the U.S. launched Operation Desert Fox with the objective of allowing weapons inspectors back into the country. After the operation succeeded and inspectors were allowed back in, all seemed well and weeny attention was paid to Iraq. Since political powers did not deem it worthy to check on Iraq and put their main focus on Wall Street, Iraq renewed their weapons computer programme and everyone just did not pay attention.

An Unbreakable Union Essay -- American History, Politics, Lincoln

An Unbreakable UnionAs Abraham Lincoln was sworn into the office of President of the fall in States of America, the nation was deeply divided, with several states having seceded to form the Confederate States of America. He promised to preserve, protect, and defend (Doc 1) the Union and its federal forts and property in the Confederacy that were being dismantled and appropriated by the South. Lincoln further promised in his address that no State can lawfully leave the Union (Doc 1) and that he would reassert the laws of the Union in the rebellious states. What office staff did Lincoln take in the events between his inauguration and the outbreak of the Civil War? Was he preparing for peace, or planning for war? Lincoln took a channelise role in the events leading to the outbreak of hostilities. Not only did he attempt to negotiate a peaceful resolution and open dialogues with Southern officials, he tried to rein in his advisors who challenged his positions, and cemented his adminis trations stance on the question of secession.Prior to Lincolns inauguration in March, Lincoln play direct and indirect roles in the events that shaped the beginning of a civil war. Although the future cabinet members around him urged him to make statements to convince the South he had no intentions of abolishing slavery in their states, he did nothing of the kind, refusing to make public statements until he was sworn into office. He refused to do this because he was already on record for construction he had no constitutional powers (until he was made president) yet, and because he felt it would be a sign of weakness to be compelled to repeat his sentiments over and again, and to be kept on the defensive they would seize upon almost any letter I could wri... ...secession, he was prepared for the possibility of war, but had no plans to attack the South. He made offers with the South to trade the forts for assurances of peace, and even ordered his men to surrender if it would save th eir lives. While Lincolns decision to supply the fort with edible was a provocation and led to a Confederate attack, Lincoln never made the order to fire on the South first, and he took steps, continuously, to avoid a conflict and try to reason with the Southern government.Lincoln had no plans for war, and his rein fiercenessment of Fort Sumter was to affirm its status as a federal fort, not to force the Confederacy into starting a war. Both sides had an aim whether it was to gain complete independence or pull back the secessionist states into the Union, neither was willing to back down, and the debt instrument for the war rests on both sides.

The Steps Which America Should Take to Reduce Our Dependence on Foreign

It is important that the States should take immediate action to curve its dependence on foreign vegetable embrocate. If America continues to have a great demand for it, it will create a threat to the countrys frugality and national security. There argon three primary actions that America might take in order to reduce its dependence on foreign oil Alaskan oil drilling, off-shore oil drilling, and natural gas drilling. Americas dependence on foreign oil is a threat to its economy. Per minute, America wastes $200,000 and per hour, $13 million by relying on it (Natural Resources Defense Council, p. 1). Gasoline consumption has led to an extend of costs of oil which is passed on to consumers at the pump, through more pricey goods and services, and in a weaker job market and lower stock prices (Natural Resources Defense Council, p. 3). Therefore, if current trends in oil demand and prices continue, economic impacts for the U.S. will intensify. It is possible for America to redu ce its dependence on foreign oil, but the petroleum industries and other monopolies have paid Congress to take out the competition (Worthington, p. 1). Legal monopolies are targeting the market effects of foreign oil, which increases profits, while Americas government obliges them. Unfortunately, these de jure monopolies have kept America in a dirty fuel monopoly that has been pose to terminate its only competition to create a government-granted monopoly (Worthington, p. 1). As for the national security, by importing more and more oil each year, there is an increase of demand and a decrease in domestic production. The United States arse become more secure by enforcing the work on farms and factories to reduce our famish for foreign oil (Natural Resources Defens... ...es revenue from the sale of offshore charters and helps win political support for energy and climate legislation (Broder, p. 2). The political response to off-shore drilling is positively approved. The Offshore oil drilling plan is considered to be a new chapter in the nations search for an approachable energy policy that can release new areas to oil and gas enlargement. Interior Secretary, Ken Salazar, has said that he hoped to rebalance the nations oil and gas policy to block oil exploration beneath virtually all public lands and waters (Broder, p. 3). An option, that was introduced, other than depending on foreign oil and reducing oil imports was the use of biofuels. This can data track to an increase of the purchase of hybrid cars for the motor industry. Off-shore drilling is an appropriate action that can reduce the amount of foreign oil imported by America.

Self-Efficacy Beliefs and Career Development :: Career Development Papers

Self-Efficacy Beliefs and Career DevelopmentStrategic interventions are required to keep young people who are disadvantaged because of poverty, ethnic obstacles, or linguistic barriers from dropping out of school. Recent studies showing a relationship between a students belief structure and behavior suggest that self-efficacy beliefs whitethorn be an important focus for intervention. This ERIC Digest discusses ways in which self-efficacy beliefs are influenced by various internal, external, and interactive factors and reflected in career-related outcome expectations and performance. It examines ways of channeling self-efficacy beliefs toward positive outcomes that get to the development and expansion of career goals and expectations. It presents strategies for enhancing the self-efficacy and career development of students that draw upon contextual, problem-based, and community-based learning practices and promotes self-monitoring and self-assessment. Beliefs and PerceptionsAccordin g to Bandura (1977), self-efficacy is mediated by a persons beliefs or expectations about his/her capacity to reach certain labors successfully or demonstrate certain behaviors (Hackett and Betz 1981). Bandura postulates that these expectations determine whether or not a certain behavior or performance will be attempted, the amount of effort the individual will contribute to the behavior, and how long the behavior will be sustained when obstacles are encountered (ibid.). Self-efficacy expectations, when viewed in relation to careers, refer to a persons beliefs regarding career-related behaviors, educational and occupational choice, and performance and persistence in the implementation of those choices (Betz and Hackett 1997, p. 383). They are reflected in an individuals perception about his/her ability to perform a given task or behavior (efficacy expectation) and his/her belief about the consequences of behavior or performance (outcome expectation)(Hackett and Betz 1981). The Soc ial Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) developed by Lent, Hackett, and Brown (1996) draws upon Banduras self-efficacy theory. It offers a framework for career development, explaining the interplay between educational and vocational interests, career-related choices, and performance. SCCT highlights the relationship among social cognitive variables (e.g., self-efficacy) and their relationship with other variables in the individuals socio-contextual environment, such as gender, race/culture, family, community, and policy-making components (ibid.). Chen (1997) contends that this integration of self and social context offers an opportunity for individuals to gain a sense of control over their career development and increase their career-related self-efficacy expectations. Self-Efficacy and cultureWhen individuals have low self-efficacy expectations regarding their behavior, they limit the extent to which they participate in an endeavor and are more apt to give up at the first scar of dif ficulty.

Self-Efficacy Beliefs and Career Development :: Career Development Papers

Self-Efficacy Beliefs and Cargoner DevelopmentStrategic interventions are required to keep boyish people who are disadvantaged because of p overty, cultural obstacles, or linguistic barriers from dropping out of school. Recent studies showing a relationship between a students touch structure and bearing suggest that self-efficacy beliefs may be an important focus for intervention. This ERIC Digest discusses ways in which self-efficacy beliefs are influenced by various internal, external, and interactive factors and reflected in career-related outcome expectations and performance. It examines ways of channeling self-efficacy beliefs toward positive outcomes that lead to the development and expansion of career goals and expectations. It presents strategies for enhancing the self-efficacy and career development of students that draw upon contextual, problem-based, and community-based learning practices and promotes self-monitoring and self-assessment. Beliefs and PerceptionsAccording to Bandura (1977), self-efficacy is mediated by a persons beliefs or expectations about his/her capacity to accomplish certain tasks successfully or demonstrate certain behaviors (Hackett and Betz 1981). Bandura postulates that these expectations determine whether or not a certain behavior or performance will be attempted, the amount of effort the individual will contribute to the behavior, and how long the behavior will be sustained when obstacles are encountered (ibid.). Self-efficacy expectations, when viewed in relation to careers, refer to a persons beliefs regarding career-related behaviors, educational and occupational choice, and performance and persistence in the implementation of those choices (Betz and Hackett 1997, p. 383). They are reflected in an individuals perception about his/her magnate to perform a give awayn task or behavior (efficacy expectation) and his/her belief about the consequences of behavior or performance (outcome expectation)(Hackett and Betz 1981). The Social Cognitive Career guess (SCCT) developed by Lent, Hackett, and Brown (1996) draws upon Banduras self-efficacy theory. It offers a framework for career development, explaining the interplay between educational and vocational interests, career-related choices, and performance. SCCT highlights the relationship among social cognitive variables (e.g., self-efficacy) and their relationship with other variables in the individuals socio-contextual environment, such as gender, race/culture, family, community, and political components (ibid.). Chen (1997) contends that this integration of self and social context offers an opportunity for individuals to gain a sense of control over their career development and increase their career-related self-efficacy expectations. Self-Efficacy and LearningWhen individuals have low self-efficacy expectations regarding their behavior, they limit the extent to which they participate in an endeavor and are more apt to give up at the first sign of d ifficulty.